Method of treating hair or skin with a personal care composition in a foam form

ABSTRACT

A method of treating hair or skin with a creamy foam. The method comprises dispensing a personal care composition from a mechanical foam dispenser as a dosage of foam, applying the dosage of foam to hair or skin, and rinsing the dosage of foam from hair or skin. The personal hair composition contains a surfactant system that is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants. The personal hair composition has a viscosity of less than 60 cP and a lather volume greater than 77 cm3.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to personal care compositions. Moreparticularly a hair care composition that is substantially free ofsulfate-based surfactants and has a low liquid phase viscosity andexhibits acceptable foam quality.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Some consumers desire a personal care composition in a foam form. Giventhe low density of the foam, a high concentration of surfactant may berequired to deliver enough surfactant to deliver proper cleaning andlather during use. However, concentrated liquid cleaning compositions,which can contain a relatively high level of surfactant, often exhibitincreased viscosity, which makes it prohibitive to deliver with amechanical foam dispenser, like a pump foam dispenser.

Furthermore, personal care compositions, such as shampoos, typicallyemploy sulfate-based surfactant systems because of their effectivenessin generating high lather volume and good lather stability and cleaning.However, some consumers believe that sulfate-based surfactants, likesodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate, can be less gentle tothe hair and skin, especially colored hair, as compared to compositionsthat are substantially free of sulfate-based surfactant systems.

Therefore, some consumers may prefer a personal care composition that issubstantially free of sulfate-based surfactant systems. However, it canbe difficult to formulate these compositions in traditional liquidpersonal care compositions, including shampoos, because it is difficultto formulate a composition that has acceptable lather volume, latherstability, clarity, and cleansing. Based on this, the use ofsulfate-free surfactants in personal care compositions typically resultsin compositions with more surfactant to achieve similar effectiveness asthe sulfate-based surfactants.

The problems with formulating with sulfate-free surfactants can beexacerbated when formulating a compact formula that can be deliveredwith a typical pump foam dispenser. The high surfactant levels can leadto higher viscosity compositions that cannot be delivered through atypical pump foam dispenser and if the composition is modified to lowerthe viscosity, it may not have enough lather to clean properly.

Therefore, there is a need for a personal care composition that issubstantially free of sulfate-based surfactants with low liquid phaseviscosity and that exhibits sufficient lather and acceptable foamquality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method of treating hair or skin with a creamy foam, the methodcomprising: (a) dispensing a personal care composition from a mechanicalfoam dispenser as a dosage of foam; (b) applying the dosage of foam tohair or skin; (c) rinsing the dosage of foam from hair or skin; whereinthe personal care composition comprises a viscosity of less than 60 cP;wherein the personal care composition comprises a lather volume greaterthan 77 cm³; wherein the personal care composition comprises from about10% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, a surfactant systemwherein the surfactant system comprises: (i) from about 10% to about30%, by weight of the composition, of an acyl glutamate; (ii) from about0.5% to about 7%, by weight of the composition, of a zwitterionicco-surfactant; wherein the surfactant system is substantially free ofsulfate-based surfactants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing outand distinctly claiming the subject matter of the present invention, itis believed that the invention can be more readily understood from thefollowing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a digital photograph of an example shampoo composition wherethe foam is a high-quality creamy foam without visible larger bubbles(i.e. bubbles that are greater than about 1 mm diameter);

FIG. 2 is a digital photograph of an example shampoo composition wherethe foam is a high-quality creamy foam without visible larger bubbles;

FIG. 3 is a digital photograph of an example shampoo composition wherethe foam is a low-quality foam with many visible large bubbles;

FIG. 4 is a digital photograph of an example shampoo composition wherethe foam is a poor-quality foam that has mostly large visible bubbles,most bubbles are between about 1-10 mm in diameter;

FIG. 5 is a digital photograph of an example shampoo composition that isnot a foam, instead it is a liquid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing outand distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the presentdisclosure will be better understood from the following description.

As used herein, the articles including “a” and “an” when used in aclaim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed ordescribed.

As used herein, “comprising” means that other steps and otheringredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This termencompasses the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.”

As used herein, the term “fluid” includes liquids, gels, emulsions, orsuspensions.

As used herein, “mixtures” is meant to include a simple combination ofmaterials and any compounds that may result from their combination.

As used herein, “molecular weight” or “M.Wt.” refers to the weightaverage molecular weight unless otherwise stated. Molecular weight ismeasured using industry standard method, gel permeation chromatography(“GPC”).

As used herein, “personal care composition” includes hair care productssuch as shampoos, conditioners, conditioning shampoos, hair colorants,as well as shower gels, liquid hand cleansers, facial cleansers, laundrydetergent, dish detergent, and other surfactant-based liquidcompositions. As used herein, “substantially free” means less than 3%,alternatively less than 2%, alternatively less than 1%, alternativelyless than 0.5%, alternatively less than 0.25%, alternatively less than0.1%, alternatively less than 0.05%, alternatively less than 0.01%,alternatively less than 0.001%, and/or alternatively free of. As usedherein, “free of” means 0%.

As used herein, the terms “include,” “includes,” and “including,” aremeant to be non-limiting and are understood to mean “comprise,”“comprises,” and “comprising,” respectively.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weight of thecompositions of the present invention, unless otherwise specified. Allsuch weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on theactive level and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products thatmay be included in commercially available materials.

Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are inreference to the active portion of that component or composition, andare exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents orby-products, which may be present in commercially available sources ofsuch components or compositions.

It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation giventhroughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation,as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein.Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specificationwill include every higher numerical limitation, as if such highernumerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numericalrange given throughout this specification will include every narrowernumerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as ifsuch narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

Where amount ranges are given, these are to be understood as being thetotal amount of said ingredient in the composition, or where more thanone species fall within the scope of the ingredient definition, thetotal amount of all ingredients fitting that definition, in thecomposition.

For example, if the composition comprises from 1% to 5% fatty alcohol,then a composition comprising 2% stearyl alcohol and 1% cetyl alcoholand no other fatty alcohol, would fall within this scope.

The amount of each particular ingredient or mixtures thereof describedhereinafter can account for up to 100% (or 100%) of the total amount ofthe ingredient(s) in the personal care composition.

Personal Care Composition

As will be described herein, compact foamed personal care compositionsare disclosed that are substantially free of sulfate-based surfactantsand have a low liquid phase viscosity and exhibits sufficient lather andacceptable foam quality. The viscosity is sufficiently low that it canbe delivered through a mechanical pump foamer. The compact foamedpersonal care compositions described herein can have a creamy foamwithout visible larger bubbles.

The personal care compositions can have a lather volume from about 75cm³ to about 200 cm³, from about 77 cm³ to about 195 cm³, from about 80cm³ to about 190 cm³, from about 85 cm³ to about 185 cm³, from about 90cm³ to about 183 cm³, from about 95 cm³ to about 180 cm³, and/or fromabout 98 cm³ to about 177 cm³. The personal care compositions can have alather volume greater than 77 cm³, greater than 80 cm³, greater than 85cm³, greater than 88 cm³, greater than 90 cm³, greater than 92 cm³,greater than 95 cm³, greater than 97 cm³, and/or greater than 100 cm³,as determined by the Lather Volume Method, described hereafter.

The personal care compositions can have a viscosity from about 1 cP toabout 60 cP, from about 2 cP to about 55 cP, from about 3 cP to about 50cP, from about 4 cP to about 45 cP, from about 5 cP to about 40 cP,and/or from about 6 cPto about 30 cP. The personal care compositions canhave a viscosity less than 60 cP, less than 57 cP, less than 55 cP, lessthan 52 cP, less than 50 cP, less than 45 cP, less than 40 cP, less than35 cP, less than 30 cP, and/or less than 29 cP, constant shear rate of2000 s⁻¹ and at temperature of 26.5° C., as determined by the Cone/PlateViscosity Measurement, described hereafter.

The personal care compositions can be dispensed from the mechanicaldispenser as a dosage of foam. The dosage of foam can also have a bubblesize distribution comprising an R₃₂ of from about 5 μm to about 100 μm,alternatively from about 10 μm to about 60 μm, alternatively from about20 μm to about 50 μm; and alternatively from about 25 μm to about 40 μm.The dosage of foam can also have a bubble size distribution comprisingan R₃₂ of from about 5 μm to about 100 μm, alternatively from about 10μm to about 80 μm, alternatively from about 20 μm to about 60 μm; andalternatively, from about 30 μm to about 50 μm.

The dosage of foam can have a yield point of from about 5 Pa to about100 Pa, alternatively from about 20 Pa to about 100 Pa, alternativelyfrom about 25 Pa to about 100 Pa, and alternatively from about 38 Pa toabout 100 Pa. The dosage of foam can have a yield point of from about 5Pa to about 100 Pa, alternatively from about 5 Pa to about 50 Pa,alternatively from about 10 Pa to about 40 Pa, and alternatively fromabout 15 Pa to about 40 Pa.

The compositions can be substantially free of a viscosity reducing agentor hydrotrope. Non-limiting examples of viscosity reducing agents caninclude propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, alcohols, glycerin, andcombinations thereof.

The compositions can be substantially free of a thickener. Non-limitingexamples of thickeners can include acrylate polymers and co-polymer suchas Carbopol® SF-1, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof.

The compositions can be phase stable. The compositions can be a singlephase.

The personal care compositions can have a pH from about 2 to about 10,from about 4 to about 8, from about from about 5 to about 7, and/orabout 6.

Surfactant

The foamed personal care compositions described herein can include oneor more surfactants in the surfactant system and the one or moresurfactants can be substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants. Ascan be appreciated, surfactants provide a cleaning benefit to soiledarticles such as hair, skin, and hair follicles by facilitating theremoval of oil and other soils. Surfactants generally facilitate suchcleaning due to their amphiphilic nature which allows for thesurfactants to break up, and form micelles around, oil and other soilswhich can then be rinsed out, thereby removing them from the soiledarticle. Suitable surfactants for a personal care composition caninclude anionic moieties to allow for the formation of a coacervate witha cationic polymer. The surfactant can be selected from anionicsurfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, non-ionicsurfactants, and combinations thereof.

Personal care compositions personal care compositions typically employsulfate-based surfactant systems (such as, but not limited to, sodiumlauryl sulfate) because of their effectiveness in lather production,stability, clarity and cleansing. The foamed personal care compositionsdescribed herein can be substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants.

The concentration of the surfactant in the composition should besufficient to provide the desired cleaning and lather performance Thefoamed personal care composition can comprise a total surfactant levelof from about 10% to about 50%, by weight, from about 15% to about 45%,by weight, from about 18% to about 40%, by weight, from about 19% toabout 38%, by weight, from about 20% to about 35%, from about 20% toabout 29%, and/or from about 21% to about 25%. The foamed personal carecomposition can comprise a total surfactant level of from about 21% toabout 30%.

Suitable surfactants that are substantially free of sulfates can includeisethionates, sarcosinates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, sulfoacetates,glucosides, acyl glycinates, glutamates including acyl glutamates, acylalaninates, glucose carboxylates, amphoacetates, taurates, other acylaminoacids, betaines, sultaines, and/or phosphate esters. Suitablesurfactants that are substantially free of sulfates can containcarboxylic acids.

The foamed personal care composition can contain an anionic surfactant.The composition can comprise a total anionic surfactant level from about5% to about 40%, by weight, from about 8% to about 35%, by weight, fromabout 10% to about 35%, by weight, from about 10% to about 30%, byweight, from about 13% to about 30%, by weight, from about 15% to about28%, by weight, from about 16% to about 30%, from about 18% to about28%, and/or from about 20% to about 25%. The composition can comprise atotal anionic surfactant level from about from about 10% to about 28%,by weight, from about 10% to about 25%, and/or from about 15% to about25%. The surfactant system can contain from about 50% to about 99%anionic surfactant, by weight, from about 75% to about 99% anionicsurfactant, by weight of the surfactant system, and/or from about 80% toabout 95%, and/or from about 87% to about 93%. The surfactant system cancontain from about 60% to about 95% anionic surfactant, by weight of thesurfactant system, and/or from about 70% to about 93%.

The composition can contain a primary surfactant that can be an anionicsurfactant and the anionic surfactant can be a glutamate, for instancean acyl glutamate. The composition can comprise an acyl glutamate levelfrom about 5% to about 35%, by weight, from about 5% to about 33%, byweight, 8% to about 32%, by weight, from about 10% to about 30%, byweight, from about 10% to about 25%, by weight, and/or from about 15% toabout 20%.

Non-limiting examples of acyl glutamates can be selected from the groupconsisting of sodium cocoyl glutamate, disodium cocoyl glutamate,ammonium cocoyl glutamate, diammonium cocoyl glutamate, sodium lauroylglutamate, disodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheatprotein glutamate, disodium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein glutamate,potassium cocoyl glutamate, dipotassium cocoyl glutamate, potassiumlauroyl glutamate, dipotassium lauroyl glutamate, potassium cocoylhydrolyzed wheat protein glutamate, dipotassium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheatprotein glutamate, sodium capryloyl glutamate, disodium capryloylglutamate, potassium capryloyl glutamate, dipotassium capryloylglutamate, sodium undecylenoyl glutamate, disodium undecylenoylglutamate, potassium undecylenoyl glutamate, dipotassium undecylenoylglutamate, disodium hydrogenated tallow glutamate, sodium stearoylglutamate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium stearoyl glutamate,dipotassium stearoyl glutamate, sodium myristoyl glutamate, disodiummyristoyl glutamate, potassium myristoyl glutamate, dipotassiummyristoyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl/hydrogenated tallow glutamate, sodiumcocoyl/palmoyl/sunfloweroyl glutamate, sodium hydrogenated tallowoylGlutamate, sodium olivoyl glutamate, disodium olivoyl glutamate, sodiumpalmoyl glutamate, disodium palmoyl Glutamate, TEA-cocoyl glutamate,TEA-hydrogenated tallowoyl glutamate, TEA-lauroyl glutamate, andmixtures thereof.

The composition can contain a surfactant system with at least a primarysurfactant and an anionic co-surfactant. The composition can contain oneor more co-surfactants selected from the group consisting of an anionicco-surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, andcombinations thereof. The composition can contain a primary surfactantthat can be an acyl glutamate and the co-surfactant can be anisethionate or a sulfosuccinate.

The composition can contain an anionic co-surfactant. The anionicco-surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of isethionates,sarcosinates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonates, sulfoacetates, glucosides,acyl glycinates, acyl alaninates, glucose carboxylates, amphoacetates,taurates, and mixture thereof. The composition can comprise an anionicco-surfactant level from about 0% to about 15%, by weight, from about0.5% to about 15%, by weight, from about 1% to about 15%, by weight,and/or from about 1% to about 10%, by weight The composition cancomprise an anionic co-surfactant level from about 0% to about 10%, byweight, from about 0.5% to about 7%, by weight, and/or from about 1% toabout 5%, by weight. The composition can comprise an anionicco-surfactant level from about 0% to about 5%, by weight.

Suitable isethionate surfactants can include the reaction product offatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodiumhydroxide. Suitable fatty acids for isethionate surfactants can bederived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil including amides of methyltauride. Non-limiting examples of isethionates can be selected from thegroup consisting of sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate, sodium cocoylisethionate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium hydrogenated cocoylmethyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl methylisethionate, sodium myristoyl isethionate, sodium oleoyl isethionate,sodium oleyl methyl isethionate, sodium palm kerneloyl isethionate,sodium stearoyl methyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.

Non-limiting examples of sarcosinates can be selected from the groupconsisting of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate,sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, TEA-cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium cocoylsarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, dimer dilinoleylbis-lauroylglutamate/lauroylsarcosinate, disodium lauroamphodiacetatelauroyl sarcosinate, isopropyl lauroyl sarcosinate, potassium cocoylsarcosinate, potassium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate,sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium oleoylsarcosinate, sodium palmitoyl sarcosinate, TEA-cocoyl sarcosinate,TEA-lauroyl sarcosinate, TEA-oleoyl sarcosinate, TEA-palm kernelsarcosinate, and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of sulfosuccinate surfactants can include disodiumN-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammoniumlauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium laurethsulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinnate, diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dihexylester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dioctyl esters of sodiumsulfosuccinic acid, and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of sulfonates can include alpha olefin sulfonates,linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, sodium laurylglucosideshydroxypropylsulfonate and combination thereof.

Non-limiting examples of sulfoacetates can include sodium laurylsulfoacetate, ammonium lauryl sulfoacetate and combination thereof.

Non-limiting example of acyl glycinates can include sodium cocoylglycinate, sodium lauroyl glycinate and combination thereof.

Non-limiting example of acyl alaninates can include sodium cocoylalaninate, sodium lauroyl alaninate, sodium N-dodecanoyl-1-alaninate andcombination thereof.

Non-limiting example of glucose carboxylates can include sodium laurylglucoside carboxylate, sodium cocoyl glucoside carboxylate andcombinations thereof.

Non-limiting example of alkyl ether carboxylate can include sodiumlaureth-4 carboxylate, laureth-5 carboxylate, laureth-13 carboxylate,sodium C12-13 pareth-8 carboxylate, sodium C12 -15 pareth-8 carboxylateand combination thereof.

Non-limiting example of alkylamphoacetates can include sodium cocoylamphoacetate, sodium lauroyl amphoacetate and combination thereof.

Non-limiting example of acyl taurates can include sodium methyl cocoyltaurate, sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate andcombination thereof.

The surfactant system may further comprise one or more zwitterionicsurfactants and the zwitterionic surfactant can be a co-surfactantselected from the group consisting of: lauryl hydroxysultaine,cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, coco-betaine, coco-hydroxysultaine,coco-sultaine, lauryl betaine, lauryl sultaine, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of betaine zwitterionic surfactants can include coco dimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), cocobetaine,lauryl amidopropyl betaine (LAPB), oleyl betaine, lauryl dimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyldimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethylbetaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, laurylbis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, and mixtures thereof.Examples of sulfobetaines can include coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine,stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethylbetaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine and mixturesthereof.

The zwitterionic surfactant can comprise or consist of cocamidopropylbetaine (CAPB), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB), and combinationsthereof.

The foamed personal care composition can comprise a zwitterionicsurfactant level from about 0% to about 7%, by weight, from about 0.25%to about 5%, by weight, from about 0.5% to about 4%, by weight, and/orfrom about 1% to about 4%, by weight. The foamed personal carecomposition can comprise a zwitterionic level from less than 10%, byweight, less than 9%, by weight, less than 8%, by weight, less than 7%,by weight, less than 6%, by weight, less than 5%, by weight, and/or lessthan 4%, by weight. The surfactant system can contain from about 4% toabout 25% zwitterionic surfactant, by weight of the surfactant system,and/or from about 5% to about 20%, and/or from about 7% to about 15%.

The surfactant system can have a weight ratio of anionic surfactant tozwitterionic surfactant from about 3:1 to about 25:1, from about 4:1 toabout 20:1, from about 6:1 to about 15:1, and/or from about 7:1 to about12:1. The surfactant system can have a weight ratio of anionicsurfactant to zwitterionic surfactant greater than 4:1, greater than5:1, greater than 6:1, greater than 7:1, and/or greater than 8:1. Thesurfactant system can have a weight ratio of primary surfactant to theone or more co-surfactants of about 1:1 to about 7:1, from about 6:5 toabout 6:1, and/or from about 3:2 to about 3:1.

The surfactant system may further comprise one or more non-ionicsurfactants and the non-ionic surfactant can be selected from the groupconsisting alkyl polyglucoside, alkyl glycoside, acyl glucamide andmixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of alkyl glucosides can includedecyl glucoside, cocoyl glucoside, lauroyl glucoside and combinationthereof.

Liquid Carrier

Inclusion of an appropriate quantity of a liquid carrier can facilitatethe formation of a personal care composition having an appropriateliquid viscosity and rheology. A personal care composition can include,by weight of the composition, about 50% to about 95%, of a liquidcarrier, about 60% to about 85%, about 65% to about 80%, about 68% toabout 78%, and/or about 70% to about 77%.

A liquid carrier can be water, or can be a miscible mixture of water andorganic solvent. Alternatively, a liquid carrier can be water withminimal or no significant concentrations of organic solvent, except asotherwise incidentally incorporated into the composition as minoringredients of other essential or optional components. Suitable organicsolvents can include water solutions of lower alkyl alcohols andpolyhydric alcohols. Useful lower alkyl alcohols include monohydricalcohols having 1 to 6 carbons, such as ethanol and isopropanol.Exemplary polyhydric alcohols include propylene glycol, hexylene glycol,glycerin, and propane diol.

Optional Ingredients

As can be appreciated, personal care compositions described herein caninclude a variety of optional components to tailor the properties andcharacteristics of the composition. As can be appreciated, suitableoptional components are well known and can generally include anycomponents which are physically and chemically compatible with theessential components of the personal care compositions described herein.Optional components should not otherwise unduly impair productstability, aesthetics, or performance. Individual concentrations ofoptional components can generally range from about 0.001% to about 10%,by weight of a personal care composition. Optional components can befurther limited to components which will not impair the clarity of atranslucent personal care composition.

Optional components may include, but are not limited to, conditioningagents (including hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, silicones), cationicpolymers, anti-dandruff actives, chelating agents, and natural oils suchas sun flower oil or castor oil. Additional suitable optionalingredients include but are not limited to perfumes, perfumemicrocapsules, colorants, particles, anti-microbials, foam boosters,anti-static agents, propellants, self-foaming agents, pH adjustingagents and buffers, preservatives, pearlescent agents, solvents,diluents, anti-oxidants, vitamins and combinations thereof.

Such optional ingredients should be physically and chemically compatiblewith the components of the composition, and should not otherwise undulyimpair product stability, aesthetics, or performance The CTFA CosmeticIngredient Handbook, Tenth Edition (published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry,and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C.) (2004) (hereinafter“CTFA”), describes a wide variety of nonlimiting materials that can beadded to the composition herein.

Silicone Conditioning Agent

A personal care composition can include a silicone conditioning agent.Suitable silicone conditioning agents can include volatile silicone,non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. Including a siliconeconditioning agent, the agent can be included from about 0.01% to about10% active silicone material, by weight of the composition, from about0.1% to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, and/or from about 0.2% toabout 3%. Examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents, andoptional suspending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S.Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat. No.5,106,609, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. Suitablesilicone conditioning agents can have a viscosity, as measured at 25°C., from about 20 centistokes (“csk”) to about 2,000,000 csk, from about1,000 csk to about 1,800,000 csk, from about 50,000 csk to about1,500,000 csk, and from about 100,000 csk to about 1,500,000 csk.

The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles can have a volumeaverage particle diameter ranging from about 0.01 micrometer to about 50micrometer. For small particle application to hair, the volume averageparticle diameters can range from about 0.01 micrometer to about 4micrometer, from about 0.01 micrometer to about 2 micrometer, from about0.01 micrometer to about 0.5 micrometer. For larger particle applicationto hair, the volume average particle diameters typically range fromabout 5 micrometer to about 125 micrometer, from about 10 micrometer toabout 90 micrometer, from about 15 micrometer to about 70 micrometer,and/or from about 20 micrometer to about 50 micrometer.

Additional material on silicones including sections discussing siliconefluids, gums, and resins, as well as manufacture of silicones, are foundin Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp204-308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), which is incorporated herein byreference.

Silicone emulsions suitable for the personal care compositions describedherein can include emulsions of insoluble polysiloxanes prepared inaccordance with the descriptions provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,282 andU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0276087 each of which isincorporated herein by reference. Suitable insoluble polysiloxanesinclude polysiloxanes such as alpha, omega hydroxy-terminatedpolysiloxanes or alpha, omega alkoxy-terminated polysiloxanes having amolecular weight within the range from about 50,000 to about 500,000g/mol. The insoluble polysiloxane can have an average molecular weightwithin the range from about 50,000 to about 500,000 g/mol. For example,the insoluble polysiloxane may have an average molecular weight withinthe range from about 60,000 to about 400,000; from about 75,000 to about300,000; from about 100,000 to about 200,000; or the average molecularweight may be about 150,000 g/mol. The insoluble polysiloxane can havean average particle size within the range from about 30 nm to about 10micron. The average particle size may be within the range from about 40nm to about 5 micron, from about 50nm to about lmicron, from about 75 nmto about 500 nm, or about 100 nm, for example.

The average molecular weight of the insoluble polysiloxane, theviscosity of the silicone emulsion, and the size of the particlecomprising the insoluble polysiloxane are determined by methods commonlyused by those skilled in the art, such as the methods disclosed inSmith, A. L. The Analytical Chemistry of Silicones, John Wiley & Sons,Inc.: New York, 1991. For example, the viscosity of the siliconeemulsion can be measured at 30° C. with a Brookfield viscosimeter withspindle 6 at 2.5 rpm. The silicone emulsion can further include anadditional emulsifier together with the anionic surfactant.

Other classes of silicones suitable for the personal care compositionsdescribed herein can include i) silicone fluids, including siliconeoils, which are flowable materials having viscosity less than about1,000,000 csk as measured at 25° C.; ii) aminosilicones, which containat least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine; iii) cationicsilicones, which contain at least one quaternary ammonium functionalgroup; iv) silicone gums; which include materials having viscositygreater or equal to 1,000,000 csk as measured at 25° C.; v) siliconeresins, which include highly cross-linked polymeric siloxane systems;vi) high refractive index silicones, having refractive index of at least1.46, and vii) mixtures thereof.

The silicone conditioning agent can be a silicone emulsion havingparticles size less than about 10 microns, less than 1 microns and lessthan 0.1 microns.

Organic Conditioning Materials

The conditioning agent of the personal care compositions describedherein can also include at least one organic conditioning material suchas oil or wax, either alone or in combination with other conditioningagents, such as the silicones described above. The organic material canbe non-polymeric, oligomeric or polymeric. The organic material can bein the form of an oil or wax and can be added in the personal careformulation neat or in a pre-emulsified form. Suitable examples oforganic conditioning materials can include: i) hydrocarbon oils; ii)polyolefins, iii) fatty esters, iv) fluorinated conditioning compounds,v) fatty alcohols, vi) alkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives;vii) quaternary ammonium compounds; viii) polyethylene glycols andpolypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000including those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000,PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-45M and mixtures thereof.

Cationic Polymer

A personal care composition can include a cationic polymer to allowformation of a coacervated, particularly a coacervated during use. Ascan be appreciated, the cationic charge of a cationic polymer caninteract with an anionic charge of a surfactant to form the coacervate.Suitable cationic polymers can include: a cationic guar polymer, acationic non-guar galactomannan polymer, a cationic starch polymer, acationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, asynthetic, non-crosslinked, cationic polymer, which may or may not formlyotropic liquid crystals upon combination with the detersivesurfactant, and a cationic cellulose polymer.

A cationic polymer can be included by weight of the personal carecomposition at about 0.01% to about 2%, about 0.05% to about 1%, about0.1% to about 0.8%, and/or from about 0.1% to about 0.5%. Cationicpolymers can have cationic charge densities of about 0.9 meq/g or more,about 1.2 meq/g or more, and about 1.5 meq/g or more. However, cationiccharge density can also be about 7 meq/g or less and about 5 meq/g orless. The charge densities can be measured at the pH of intended use ofthe personal care composition. (e.g., at about pH 3 to about pH 9; orabout pH 4 to about pH 8). The average molecular weight of cationicpolymers can generally be between about 1,000 and 2 million, betweenabout 5,000 and about 1 million, and between about 10,000 and about 0.5million. Low molecular weight cationic polymers can be preferred. Lowmolecular weight cationic polymers can have greater translucency in theliquid carrier of a personal care composition. Suitable cationicpolymers can include Polyquaternium-6 with a charge density of about 6.2meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 223,000 g/mole available from Clariant,Polyquaternium-76 with a charge density of about 1.6 meq/g and a M.Wt.of about 1.1 million g/mole.

Cationic Guar Polymer

The cationic polymer can be a cationic guar polymer, which is acationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivative. Suitableguar gums for guar gum derivatives can be obtained as a naturallyoccurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. As can beappreciated, the guar molecule is a straight chain mannan which isbranched at regular intervals with single membered galactose units onalternative mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other bymeans of β(1-4) glycosidic linkages. The galactose branching arises byway of an α(1-6) linkage. Cationic derivatives of the guar gums can beobtained through reactions between the hydroxyl groups of thepolygalactomannan and reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. The degreeof substitution of the cationic groups onto the guar structure can besufficient to provide the requisite cationic charge density describedabove.

A cationic guar polymer can have a weight average molecular weight(“M.Wt.”) of less than about 1 million g/mol, and can have a chargedensity from about 0.05 meq/g to about 2.5 meq/g. Cationic guar suitablecan have a weight average molecular weight (“M.Wt.”) of less than about0.5 million g/mol.

A personal care composition can include from about 0.01% to less thanabout 0.7%, by weight of the personal care composition of a cationicguar polymer, from about 0.05% to about 0.6%, from about 0.1% to about0.50%, by weight, and/or from about 0.1% to about 0.4%, by weight.

The cationic guar polymer can be formed from quaternary ammoniumcompounds which conform to general Formula II:

wherein where R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are methyl or ethyl groups; and R⁶ is eitheran epoxyalkyl group of the general Formula III:

or R⁶ is a halohydrin group of the general Formula IV:

wherein R⁷ is a C₁ to C₃ alkylene; X is chlorine or bromine, and Z is ananion such as Cl-, Br-, I- or HSO₄-.

A cationic guar polymer can conform to the general formula V:

wherein R⁸ is guar gum; and wherein R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are as definedabove; and wherein Z is a halogen. A cationic guar polymer can conformto Formula VI:

wherein R⁸ is guar gum.

Suitable cationic guar polymers can also include cationic guar gumderivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. Suitableexamples of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides can include theJaguar® series commercially available from Solvay S. A., Hi-Care™ Seriesfrom Rhodia, and N-Hance™ and AquaCat™ from Ashland Inc. Jaguar® Optimahas a charge density of about 1.25 meg/g and a M. Wt. of about 500,000g/moles. Jaguar® C-500 has a charge density of 0.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of500,000 g/mole; Hi-Care™ 1000 has a charge density of about 0.7 meq/gand a M.Wt. of about 600,000 g/mole; N-Hance™ 3269, N-Hance™ 3270, andN-Hance™ 3270, have a charge density of about 0.7 meq/g and a M.Wt. ofabout 425,000 g/mole; AquaCat™ PF618 and AquaCat™ CG518 have a chargedensity of about 0.9 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 50,000 g/mole. N-Hance™BF-13 and N-Hance™ BF-17 are borate (boron) free guar polymers. N-Hance™BF-13 has a charge density of about 1.1 meq/g and M.Wt. of about 800,000and N-HanceTM BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq/g and M.Wt. ofabout 800,000.

Cationic Non-Guar Galactomannan Polymer

A cationic polymer can be a galactomannan polymer derivative. A suitablegalactomannan polymer can have a mannose to galactose ratio of greaterthan 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis and can be a cationicgalactomannan polymer derivative or an amphoteric galactomannan polymerderivative having a net positive charge. As used herein, the term“cationic galactomannan” refers to a galactomannan polymer to which acationic group is added. The term “amphoteric galactomannan” refers to agalactomannan polymer to which a cationic group and an anionic group areadded such that the polymer has a net positive charge.

Galactomannan polymers can be present in the endosperm of seeds of theLeguminosae family Galactomannan polymers are made up of a combinationof mannose monomers and galactose monomers. The galactomannan moleculeis a straight chain mannan branched at regular intervals with singlemembered galactose units on specific mannose units. The mannose unitsare linked to each other by means of β(1-4) glycosidic linkages. Thegalactose branching arises by way of an α(1-6) linkage. The ratio ofmannose monomers to galactose monomers varies according to the speciesof the plant and can be affected by climate. Non-Guar Galactomannanpolymer derivatives can have a ratio of mannose to galactose of greaterthan 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis. Suitable ratios of mannose togalactose can also be greater than 3:1 or greater than 4:1. Analysis ofmannose to galactose ratios is well known in the art and is typicallybased on the measurement of the galactose content.

The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan polymerderivatives can be obtained from naturally occurring materials such asseeds or beans from plants. Examples of various non-guar galactomannanpolymers include Tara gum (3 parts mannose/1 part galactose), Locustbean or Carob (4 parts mannose/1 part galactose), and Cassia gum (5parts mannose/1 part galactose).

A non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative can have a M. Wt. from about1,000 g/mol to about 10,000,000 g/mol, and a M.Wt. from about 5,000g/mol to about 3,000,000 g/mol.

The personal care compositions described herein can includegalactomannan polymer derivatives which have a cationic charge densityfrom about 0.5 meq/g to about 7 meq/g. The galactomannan polymerderivatives can have a cationic charge density from about 1 meq/g toabout 5 meq/g. The degree of substitution of the cationic groups ontothe galactomannan structure can be sufficient to provide the requisitecationic charge density. A non-limiting example of non-guargalactomannan cationic polymer can be cassia cassiahydroxypropyltrimonium chloride known as ClearHanceTM C available fromAshland.

A galactomannan polymer derivative can be a cationic derivative of thenon-guar galactomannan polymer, which is obtained by reaction betweenthe hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan polymer and reactivequaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable quaternary ammonium compoundsfor use in forming the cationic galactomannan polymer derivativesinclude those conforming to the general Formulas II to VI, as definedabove.

Cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed from thereagents described above can be represented by the general Formula VII:

wherein R is the gum. The cationic galactomannan derivative can be a gumhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which can be more specificallyrepresented by the general Formula VIII:

The galactomannan polymer derivative can be an amphoteric galactomannanpolymer derivative having a net positive charge, obtained when thecationic galactomannan polymer derivative further comprises an anionicgroup.

A cationic non-guar galactomannan can have a ratio of mannose togalactose which is greater than about 4:1, a M.Wt. of about 100,000g/mol to about 500,000 g/mol, a M.Wt. of about 50,000 g/mol to about400,000 g/mol, and a cationic charge density from about 1 meq/g to about5 meq/g, and from about 2 meq/ g to about 4 meq/g.

Personal care compositions can include at least about 0.05% of agalactomannan polymer derivative by weight of the composition. Thepersonal care compositions can include from about 0.05% to about 2%, byweight of the composition, of a galactomannan polymer derivative.

Cationic Copolymer of an Acrylamide Monomer and a Cationic Monomer

A personal care composition can include a cationic copolymer of anacrylamide monomer and a cationic monomer, wherein the copolymer has acharge density of from about 1.0 meq/g to about 3.0 meq/g. The cationiccopolymer can be a synthetic cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomersand cationic monomers.

Examples of suitable cationic polymers can include:

(i) an acrylamide monomer of the following Formula IX:

where R⁹ is H or C₁₋₄ alkyl; and R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂,and phenyl, or together are C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; and

(ii) a cationic monomer conforming to Formula X:

where k=1, each of v, v′, and v″ is independently an integer of from 1to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X⁻ is an anion.

A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X where k=1, v=3 and w=0, z=1and X⁻ is Cl⁻ to form the following structure (Formula XI):

As can be appreciated, the above structure can be referred to as diquat.

A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X wherein v and v″ are each 3,v′=1, w=1, y=1 and X⁻ is Cl⁻, to form the following structure of FormulaXII:

The structure of Formula XII can be referred to as triquat.

The acrylamide monomer can be either acrylamide or methacrylamide.

The cationic copolymer can be AM:TRIQUAT which is a copolymer ofacrylamide and1,3-Propanediaminium,N-[2-[[[dimethyl[-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propyl]ammonio]acetyl]amino]ethyl]2-hydroxy-N,N,N′,N′,N40-pentamethyl-, trichloride. AM:TRIQUAT is also known as polyquaternium76 (PQ76). AM:TRIQUAT can have a charge density of 1.6 meq/g and a M.Wt.of 1.1 million g/mol.

The cationic copolymer can include an acrylamide monomer and a cationicmonomer, wherein the cationic monomer is selected from the groupconsisting of: dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamidochloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride,vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyldimethyl ammoniumchloride, and mixtures thereof.

The cationic copolymer can include a cationic monomer selected from thegroup consisting of: trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamidochloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride,vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

The cationic copolymer can be formed from (1) copolymers of(meth)acrylamide and cationic monomers based on (meth)acrylamide, and/orhydrolysis-stable cationic monomers, (2) terpolymers of(meth)acrylamide, monomers based on cationic (meth)acrylic acid esters,and monomers based on (meth)acrylamide, and/or hydrolysis-stablecationic monomers. Monomers based on cationic (meth)acrylic acid esterscan be cationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acid containing aquaternized N atom. Cationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acidcontaining a quaternized N atom are quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylates with C₁ to C₃ in the alkyl and alkylene groups. Thecationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized Natom are selected from the group consisting of: ammonium salts ofdimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate,diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylatequaternized with methyl chloride. The cationized esters of the(meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized N atom is dimethylaminoethylacrylate, which is quaternized with an alkyl halide, or with methylchloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate (ADAME-Quat). Thecationic monomer when based on (meth)acrylamides are quaternizeddialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides with C₁ to C₃ in the alkyl andalkylene groups, or dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, which is quaternizedwith an alkyl halide, or methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethylsulfate.

The cationic monomer based on a (meth)acrylamide can be a quaternizeddialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide with C₁ to C₃ in the alkyl andalkylene groups. The cationic monomer based on a (meth)acrylamide can bedimethylaminopropylacrylamide, which is quaternized with an alkylhalide, especially methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethylsulfate.

The cationic monomer can be a hydrolysis-stable cationic monomer.Hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers can be, in addition to adialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, any monomer that can be regarded asstable to the OECD hydrolysis test. The cationic monomer can behydrolysis-stable and the hydrolysis-stable cationic monomer can beselected from the group consisting of: diallyldimethylammonium chlorideand water-soluble, cationic styrene derivatives.

The cationic copolymer can be a terpolymer of acrylamide,2-dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride(ADAME-Q) and 3-dimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamide quaternized withmethyl chloride (DIMAPA-Q). The cationic copolymer can be formed fromacrylamide and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, wherein theacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride has a charge density of fromabout 1.0 meq/g to about 3.0 meq/g.

The cationic copolymer can have a charge density of from about 1.1 meq/gto about 2.5 meq/g, from about 1.1 meq/g to about 2.3 meq/g, from about1.2 meq/g to about 2.2 meq/g, from about 1.2 meq/g to about 2.1 meq/g,from about 1.3 meq/g to about 2.0 meq/g, and from about 1.3 meq/g toabout 1.9 meq/g.

The cationic copolymer can have a M.Wt. from about 100 thousand g/mol toabout 2 million g/mol, from about 300 thousand g/mol to about 1 8million g/mol, from about 500 thousand g/mol to about 1.6 million g/mol,from about 700 thousand g/mol to about 1.4 million g/mol, and from about900 thousand g/mol to about 1.2 million g/mol.

The cationic copolymer can be a trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamidechloride-N-Acrylamide copolymer, which is also known as AM:MAPTAC.AM:MAPTAC can have a charge density of about 1.3 meq/g and a M.Wt. ofabout 1.1 million g/mol. The cationic copolymer is AM:ATPAC. AM:ATPACcan have a charge density of about 1.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 1.1million g/mol.

Synthetic Polymers

A cationic polymer can be a synthetic polymer that is formed from:

i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally

ii) one or more monomer units bearing a negative charge, and/or

iii) a nonionic monomer,

wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. The ratio ofthe three types of monomers is given by “m”, “p” and “q” where “m” isthe number of cationic monomers, “p” is the number of monomers bearing anegative charge and “q” is the number of nonionic monomers

The cationic polymers can be water soluble or dispersible,non-crosslinked, and synthetic cationic polymers which have thestructure of Formula XIII:

where A, may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or alkylaryl;

Y=C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or aryloxy; where Ψ=C1-C22alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl arylox; where Z=C1-C22 alkyl,alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl;where s=0 or 1, n=0 or ≥1; where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl; and whereX−=halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or alkylsulfate.

Where the monomer bearing a negative charge is defined by R2′=H, C₁-C₄linear or branched alkyl and R3 is: where D=O, N, or S; where Q=NH₂ orO; where u=1-6; where t=0-1; and where J=oxygenated functional groupcontaining the following elements P, S, C.

Where the nonionic monomer is defined by R2″=H, C₁-C₄ linear or branchedalkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl aryl, aryl oxy, alkyloxy,alkylaryl oxy and β is defined as

and where G′ and G″ are, independently of one another, O, S or N-H andL=0 or 1.

Suitable monomers can include aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates,(meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers comprising at least onesecondary, tertiary or quaternary amine function, or a heterocyclicgroup containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine or ethylenimine;diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their mixtures, their salts, andmacromonomers deriving from therefrom.

Further examples of suitable cationic monomers can includedimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate,ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl(meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethylenimine,vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.

Suitable cationic monomers can include quaternary monomers of formula-NR₃ ⁺, wherein each R can be identical or different, and can be ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or abenzyl group, optionally carrying a hydroxyl group, and including ananion (counter-ion). Examples of suitable anions include halides such aschlorides, bromides, phosphates, citrates, formates, and acetates.

Suitable cationic monomers can also include trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.Additional suitable cationic monomers can include trimethyl ammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride.

Examples of monomers bearing a negative charge include alphaethylenically unsaturated monomers including a phosphate or phosphonategroup, alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids,monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acidgroup, and salts of alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprisinga sulphonic acid group.

Suitable monomers with a negative charge can include acrylic acid,methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of vinyl sulfonic acid,vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of vinylbenzene sulphonic acid,alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, salts ofalpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonicacid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, andstyrenesulphonate (SS).

Examples of nonionic monomers can include vinyl acetate, amides of alphaethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an alphaethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an hydrogenated orfluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylate (i.e.polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid), monoalkylesters of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamineamides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

Suitable nonionic monomers can also include styrene, acrylamide,methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.

The anionic counterion (X⁻) in association with the synthetic cationicpolymers can be any known counterion so long as the polymers remainsoluble or dispersible in water, in the personal care composition, or ina coacervate phase of the personal care composition, and so long as thecounterions are physically and chemically compatible with the essentialcomponents of the personal care composition or do not otherwise undulyimpair product performance, stability or aesthetics. Non-limitingexamples of suitable counterions can include halides (e.g., chlorine,fluorine, bromine, iodine).

The cationic polymer described herein can also aid in repairing damagedhair, particularly chemically treated hair by providing a surrogatehydrophobic F-layer. The microscopically thin F-layer provides naturalweatherproofing, while helping to seal in moisture and prevent furtherdamage. Chemical treatments damage the hair cuticle and strip away itsprotective F-layer. As the F-layer is stripped away, the hair becomesincreasingly hydrophilic. It has been found that when lyotropic liquidcrystals are applied to chemically treated hair, the hair becomes morehydrophobic and more virgin-like, in both look and feel. Without beinglimited to any theory, it is believed that the lyotropic liquid crystalcomplex creates a hydrophobic layer or film, which coats the hair fibersand protects the hair, much like the natural F-layer protects the hair.The hydrophobic layer can return the hair to a generally virgin-like,healthier state. Lyotropic liquid crystals are formed by combining thesynthetic cationic polymers described herein with the aforementionedanionic detersive surfactant component of the personal care composition.The synthetic cationic polymer has a relatively high charge density. Itshould be noted that some synthetic polymers having a relatively highcationic charge density do not form lyotropic liquid crystals, primarilydue to their abnormal linear charge densities. Such synthetic cationicpolymers are described in PCT Patent App. No. WO 94/06403 which isincorporated by reference. The synthetic polymers described herein canbe formulated in a stable personal care composition that providesimproved conditioning performance, with respect to damaged hair.

Cationic synthetic polymers that can form lyotropic liquid crystals havea cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 7 meq/gm,and/or from about 3 meq/gm to about 7 meq/gm, and/or from about 4 meq/gmto about 7 meq/gm. The cationic charge density is about 6.2 meq/gm. Thepolymers also have a M. Wt. of from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000,and/or from about 10,000 to about 2,000,000, and/or from about 100,000to about 2,000,000.

Cationic synthetic polymers that provide enhanced conditioning anddeposition of benefit agents but do not necessarily form lytropic liquidcrystals can have a cationic charge density of from about 0.7 meq/gm toabout 7 meq/gm, and/or from about 0.8 meq/gm to about 5 meq/gm, and/orfrom about 1.0 meq/gm to about 3 meq/gm. The polymers also have a M.Wt.of from about 1,000 g/mol to about 5,000,000 g/mol, from about 10,000g/mol to about 2,000,000 g/mol, and from about 100,000 g/mol to about2,000,000 g/mol.

Cationic Cellulose Polymer

Suitable cationic polymers can be cellulose polymers. Suitable cellulosepolymers can include salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted withtrimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry(CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10 and available from Dwo/Amerchol Corp.

(Edison, N.J., USA) in their Polymer LR, JR, and KG series of polymers.Other suitable types of cationic cellulose can include the polymericquaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryldimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide referred to in the industry (CTFA)as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Dow/AmercholCorp. under the tradename Polymer LM-200. Other suitable types ofcationic cellulose can include the polymeric quaternary ammonium saltsof hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethylammonium-substituted epoxide and trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxidereferred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 67. These materialsare available from Dow/ Amerchol Corp. under the tradename SoftCATPolymer SL-5, SoftCAT Polymer SL-30, Polymer SL-60, Polymer SL-100,Polymer SK-L, Polymer SK-M, Polymer SK-MH, and Polymer SK-H.

Additional cationic polymers are also described in the CTFA CosmeticIngredient Dictionary, 3rd edition, edited by Estrin, Crosley, andHaynes, (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc.,Washington, D.C. (1982)), which is incorporated herein by reference.

Techniques for analysis of formation of complex coacervates are known inthe art. For example, microscopic analyses of the compositions, at anychosen stage of dilution, can be utilized to identify whether acoacervate phase has formed. Such coacervate phase can be identifiableas an additional emulsified phase in the composition. The use of dyescan aid in distinguishing the coacervate phase from other insolublephases dispersed in the composition. Additional details about the use ofcationic polymers and coacervates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.9,272,164 which is incorporated by reference.

Anti-Dandruff and Scalp Care Actives

Anti-dandruff agents suitable for use in personal care compositions caninclude piroctone olamine (commercially available as Octopirox®),pyridinethione salts, azoles (e.g., ketoconazole, econazole, andelubiol), selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, salicylic acid, zincpyrithione, and mixtures thereof. The composition can includeanti-dandruff agents that are soluble, non-particulate actives such asPiroctone Olamine. Example of scalp care actives can includeHydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid available from Symrise as SymCalmin.

Chelating Agents

The personal care composition can also comprise a chelant. Suitablechelants include those listed in A E Martell & R M Smith, CriticalStability Constants, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York & London (1974) andA E Martell & R D Hancock, Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution, PlenumPress, New York & London (1996) both incorporated herein by reference.When related to chelants, the term “salts and derivatives thereof” meansthe salts and derivatives comprising the same functional structure(e.g., same chemical backbone) as the chelant they are referring to andthat have similar or better chelating properties. This term includealkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium, substituted ammonium (i.e.monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium) salts,esters of chelants having an acidic moiety and mixtures thereof, inparticular all sodium, potassium or ammonium salts. The term“derivatives” also includes “chelating surfactant” compounds, such asthose exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,972, and large moleculescomprising one or more chelating groups having the same functionalstructure as the parent chelants, such as polymeric EDDS(ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,440.U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,972 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,440 are eachincorporated by reference herein. Suitable chelants can further includehistidine.

Levels of an EDDS chelant or histidine chelant in the personal carecompositions can be low. For example, an EDDS chelant or histidinechelant can be included at about 0.01%, by weight.

Above about 10% by weight, formulation and/or human safety concerns canarise. The level of an EDDS chelant or histidine chelant can be at leastabout 0.05%, by weight, at least about 0.1%, by weight, at least about0.25%, by weight, at least about 0.5%, by weight, at least about 1%, byweight, or at least about 2%, by weight, by weight of the personal carecomposition.

Product Form

The personal care compositions may be presented in typical hair careformulations. They may be in the form of solutions, dispersion,emulsions, foams, and other delivery mechanisms. The compositions may bea low viscosity or viscous liquid that can be applied to wet hair, thenmassaged into the hair, and then rinsed out.

The personal care composition in the form of a foam can have a densityof from about 0.02 g/cm³ to about 0.2 g/cm³, alternatively from about0.025 g/cm³ to about 0.15 g/cm³, and alternatively from about 0.05 g/cm³to about 0.15 g/cm³. The density can be measured Foam Density & FoamVolume Method, described hereafter.

Foam Dispenser

The personal care composition can be stored and dispensed from amechanical pump foam dispenser that may comprise a reservoir for holdingthe personal care composition and a foam engine. The reservoir may bemade from any suitable material selected from the group consisting ofplastic, metal, alloy, laminate, and combinations thereof. The reservoirmay be for one-time use. The reservoir may be removable from themechanical pump foam dispenser. Alternatively, the reservoir may beintegrated with the mechanical pump foam dispenser. There may be two ormore reservoirs.

The reservoir may be comprised of a material selected from the groupconsisting of rigid materials, flexible materials, and combinationsthereof. The reservoir can be made from plastic.

Suitable foam dispenser available from Albéa can include tabletop modelsT1, WRT4, WRT6, and handheld models M3, WRM3, WRD4, F2, F3 and G3 with aL value of 7, 9 or 11, wherein L value is the air to liquid ratio.

The personal care composition can be stored and dispensed from a squeezefoam dispenser. An example of squeeze foamer is EZ′R available fromAlbá.

Non-limiting examples of suitable pump dispensers include thosedescribed in WO 2004/078903, WO 2004/078901, and WO 2005/078063 and maybe supplied by Albea (60 Electric Ave., Thomaston, Conn. 06787 USA) orRieke Packaging Systems (500 West Seventh St., Auburn, Ind. 46706).

The personal care composition and/or the dispenser can be free orsubstantially free of a propellant, for instance aerosol propellants.

Test Methods

Cone/Plate Viscosity Measurement

The viscosities of the examples are measured by a Cone/Plate ControlledStress Brookfield Rheometer R/S Plus, by Brookfield EngineeringLaboratories, Stoughton, Mass. The cone used (Spindle C-75-1) has adiameter of 75 mm and 1° angle. The liquid viscosity is determined usinga steady state flow experiment at constant shear rate of 2000 s⁻¹ and attemperature of 26.5° C. The sample size is 2.5 ml and the totalmeasurement reading time is 3 minutes.

Lather Volume Method:

Lather Volume (in cm³) is calculated based upon V=π*r2*h where: V=volume(cm³), π=3.14, r=radius of the vessel, and h=height of the lather. Aclear Plexiglas® vessel of 6.1 cm of radius, 19 cm height with a roundhole at the bottom to fit a shaft at the bottom is used. A spin disk isattached to a shaft which is inserted down through the hole. A plastico-ring on the shaft covers and seals the hole of the vessel. The shaftis attached to a rotor underneath. After the above equipment isassembled, a 1.0 gram of product is added to the vessel, then 400 gramsof water of 7 gpg (grains per gallon) at 100° F. (37.7° C.) is addedfollowed by 100 microliters of Artificial Human Sebum available fromAdvanced Testing Lab

Next, start the rotor at spin rate of 1025 rpm for 4 seconds, then stopthe rotor and let it rest for 12 seconds. This is repeated for 3 moretimes. After the fourth cycle, the foam will be separated from theliquid water layer at the bottom and the height of the lather (h,distance between the meniscus of the liquid layer and the top of thelather) is measured with a 0-23 cm standard ruler. For each product,this process is repeated for a total of 4 times by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day. The final height of thelather, h, is then averaged and used for the lather volume calculation.

Foam Density & Foam Volume

Foam density is measured by placing a 100 ml beaker onto a mass balance,tarring the mass of the beaker and then dispensing product from theaerosol container into the 100 ml beaker until the volume of the foam isabove the rim of the vessel. The foam is made level with the top of thebeaker by scraping a spatula across it within 10 seconds of dispensingthe foam above the rim of the vessel. The resulting mass of the 100 mlof foam is then divided by the volume (100) to determine the foamdensity in units of g/ml.

Foam volume is measured by placing a weigh boat onto a mass balance,tarring the mass of the weigh boat and then dispensing the desiredamount of product from the aerosol container. The grams of foamdispensed is determined and then divided by the density of foam asdetermined from the Foam Density methodology to reach a volume of foamin ml or cm³.

Foam Rheology Method (Yield Point)

Foam shampoo is applied to the AR1000 rheometer for foam oscillationstress sweep. 60 mm smooth acrylic plate is utilized for shear stressmeasurement. Measurement is made at 25C. The plate head is lowered to1200 microns and excess foam is removed with a spatula so that drag doesnot occur during measurement. The measurement gap height is then lowered1000 microns. Sweep occurs from 0.1 to 400Pa. Data is analyzed via TARheology Advantage Data Analysis software. Yield point is determined atthe point at which the oscillatory shear stress begins to deviate fromits tangent. The yield point measurements are reported in Pa units.

Kruss Lather Analyzer (Bubble Size)

The commercially available Kruss lather analyzer DFA100, supplied fromKruss, is used to analyze the foam shampoo for the initial Sauter meanradius R₃₂ (bubble size). Shampoo foam is dispensed into the CY4571column containing a prism. An internal stopper is placed into the columnapproximately 100 ml from the top of the chamber. The camera height isset to 244 mm and camera position is placed in the 3 slot. Structurefoaming is captured at 2 frames per second for 120 seconds. Dataanalysis is performed on the Kruss Advance 1.5.1.0 software applicationversion.

EXAMPLES

The following are non-limiting examples of the personal care compositiondescribed herein. The examples were prepared by conventional formulationand mixing techniques and included adding the ingredients one by one andmixing until homogeneous or dissolved and adding heat as necessary todissolve particular ingredients. It will be appreciated that othermodifications of the present invention within the skill of those in theshampoo formulation art can be undertaken without departing from thespirit and scope of this invention. All parts, percentages, and ratiosherein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components maycome from suppliers as dilute solutions. The amount stated reflects theweight percent of the active material, unless otherwise specified.

TABLE 1 Comparative Examples of Shampoo Compositions in Foam Form Comp.Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6Ex. 7 Disodium cocoyl 15 15 25 20 20 25 15 glutamate¹ Sodium cocoyl 5 —5 5 5 — 5 isethionate² Cocamidopropyl — 10 4.5 — 5 5 10 betaine³Lauramidopropyl — — — 5 — — — betaine⁴ Arlasilk ™ EFA⁵ — — 0.6 0.6 0.6 —— Polyquaternium- — — — — — — 0.2 6⁶ Versene ™ 220⁷ 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.170.17 0.17 0.17 Natrlquest E30⁸ 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 Sodiumbenzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Kathon ™⁹ 0.03 0.03 0.030.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Perfume 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 DL-Panthanol0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 50L¹⁰ D/DI Panthenyl 0.03 0.03 0.030.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 ether¹¹ Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. pHadjusters Adjust as needed to pH 6.0 pH 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0Liquid phase 4.8 61 201 231 1004 427 730 viscosity, cP Foam qualityCreamy Mostly Not Not Liquid, Liquid, Liquid, foam visible foam, foam,not not not without large mostly mostly foam, foam, foam, visiblebubbles visible visible see FIG. see FIG. see FIG. larger (>1 mm largelarge 5 for an 5 for an 5 for an bubbles, diameter), bubbles, bubbles,example example example see see see FIG. see FIG. of a of a of a FIGS. 1FIG. 3 4 for an 4 for an shampoo shampoo shampoo and 2 for for anexample example with this with this with this an example of a of a foamfoam foam example of a shampoo shampoo quality quality quality of ashampoo with this with this shampoo with this foam foam with this foamquality quality foam quality quality Lather volume 77 174 130 151 107130 141 (cm³)

TABLE 2 Examples of Shampoo Compositions in Foam Form Ex. A Ex. B Ex. CEx. D Ex. E Disodium cocoyl  11 15  15  15 25 Glutamate¹ Sodium cocoyl 5  5  5  5 — isethionate² Cocamidopropyl  0  1  3 —  4 betaine³Lauramidopropyl  4  0 —  3 — betaine⁴ AquaCat ™ —  0.2 — — — CG518¹²AquaCat ™ — — —  0.5 — PF618¹³ Polyquaternium- — —  0.2 — — 6⁶ Versene™220⁷  0.17  0.17  0.17  0.17  0.17 Natrlquest E30⁸  0.26  0.26  0.26 0.26  0.26 Sodium benzoate  0.25  0.25  0.25  0.25  0.25 Kathon ™⁹ 0.03  0.03  0.03  0.03  0.03 Perfume  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5DL-Panthanol  0.05  0.05  0.05  0.05  0.05 50L¹⁰ D/DI Panthenyl  0.03 0.03  0.03  0.03  0.03 ether¹¹ Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. pHadjuster Adjust as needed to pH 6.0 pH  6.0  6.0  6.0  6.0  6.0 Liquidphase  6  6  7  8 28 viscosity, cP Foam quality Creamy foam withoutvisible larger bubbles, see FIGS. 1 and 2 for an example of a shampoowith this foam quality Lather volume 177 99 103 158 98 (cm³⁾ ¹Disodiumcocoyl glutamate, tradename: Eversoft ™ UCS-50SG, 40% active fromSino-Lion ²Sodium cocoyl isethionate, tradename: Jordapon ® CI Prillfrom BASF ³Cocamidopropyl betaine, Amphosol ® HCA-HP, 30.0% active fromStepan ⁴Lauramidopropyl betaine, Mackam ® DAB, 35.0% active from Solvay⁵Arlasilk ™ EFA, Linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium Chloride Phosphate, 30%active from Croda ⁶Polyquaternium 6, PolyDADMAC, M. Wt. of 150,000, CDof 6.2, tradename: Mirapol ® 100s, 31.5% active, from Solvay ⁷Versene ™220, Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate from Dow⁸Natrlquest E30, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, from Innospec.⁹Kathon ™ CG, from Dow ¹⁰DL-Panthanol 50L from DSM Nutritional Products¹¹D/DI Panthenyl ether from DSM Nutritional Products ¹²AquaCat ™ CG518,10% active from Ashland ™ ¹³AquaCat ™ PF618, 10% active from Ashland ™

For Table 1 and Table 2 the foam quality was determined as follows. Thehair care composition was prepared as described herein. Then,approximately 200 mL of the liquid hair care composition was put into a250 ml 4003 clear bottle (available from Albéa) and a WRT4 pump foamerwith an L7 engine (available from Albéa) was attached to the bottle.Next, the pump foamer was primed a few times, then the pump was actuated3 times to dispense the hair care composition into an 8.5 cm×8.5 cm(edge to edge) plastic weigh dish. The foam was visually inspected todetermine foam quality. A digital photograph was taken and inspected todetermine the approximate size of the bubbles and whether the mixturewas homogeneous.

Examples A-E could be preferred by consumers over Comparative Examples1-7 for at least the following reasons. First, Examples A-E have a lowenough liquid viscosity that each Example can be dispensed through amechanical foam dispenser, such as the WRT4 pump foamer (available fromAlbéa). The liquid phase viscosity of Examples A-E ranges from 6 to 28cP. Also, when Example A-E are dispensed through a mechanical foamdispenser, each had a creamy foam without visible larger bubbles. Adigital photograph of a representative example of a foam with thisappearance is in FIGS. 1 and 2. Furthermore, Examples A-E had sufficientlather volume, which ranges from 99 cm³ to 177 cm³.

However, Comparative Examples 1-7 are either too viscous to push throughthe mechanical foam dispenser or the foam generated is low or poorquality, or not foam at all (i.e. liquid comes out the pump nozzle). Theliquid phase viscosity of Comparative Examples 2-4 ranges from 61 to 231cP. The foam quality, when dispensed through a mechanical foamdispenser, is low quality or poor and is not consumer preferred.Comparative Example 2 has large number of visible large bubbles (>1 mmdiameter) and a photograph of a representative example of a foam withthis appearance is in FIG. 3. Comparative Examples 3 and 4 have mostlyvisible large bubbles and a photograph of a representative example of afoam with this appearance is in FIG. 4. Consumers disliked the foam inComparative Examples 2-4 and rated the foam as poor quality and whenconsumers do not like the quality of the foam, they tend to dislike theshampoo overall. The viscosity of Comparative Examples 5-7 ranges from427 to 1004 cps and essentially no foam is generated for these samplesusing the mechanic foam pump and a representative example of a foam withthis appearance is in FIG. 5. For Comparative Example 1, even though ithas high quality foam when pumped (with an appearance similar to FIG.1), it has a low lather volume, and thus may not be consumer preferredbecause consumers may not feel like this composition cleans the hairwell.

Combinations:

A. A method of treating hair or skin with a creamy foam, the methodcomprising:

-   -   a. dispensing a personal care composition from a mechanical foam        dispenser as a dosage of foam;    -   b. applying the dosage of foam to hair or skin;    -   c. rinsing the dosage of foam from hair or skin;    -    wherein the personal care composition comprises a viscosity of        less than 60 cP, at constant shear rate of 2000 s⁻¹ and at        temperature of 26.5° C., as determined by the Cone/Plate        Viscosity Measurement, described herein;    -    wherein the personal care composition comprises a lather volume        greater than 77 cm³, as determined by the Lather Volume Method,        described herein;    -   wherein the personal care composition comprises from about 10%        to about 50%, by weight of the composition, a surfactant system        wherein the surfactant system comprises:    -    (i) from about 10% to about 30%, by weight of the composition,        of an acyl glutamate;    -    (ii) from about 0.5% to about 7%, by weight of the composition,        of a zwitterionic co-surfactant;    -    wherein the surfactant system is substantially free of        sulfate-based surfactants.        B. The method according to Paragraph A, wherein the mechanical        foam dispenser is a pump foam dispenser or a squeeze foam        dispenser.        C. The method according to Paragraphs A-B, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a lather volume from about 77 cm³ to        about 195 cm³, preferably from about 80 cm³ to about 190 cm³,        more preferably from about 85 cm³ to about 185 cm³, and even        more preferably from about 90 cm³ to about 183 cm³.        D. The method according to Paragraphs A-C, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a lather volume from about 95 cm³ to        about 180 cm³, and more preferably from about 98 cm³ to about        177 cm³.        E. The method according to Paragraphs A-D, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a lather volume greater than 80 cm³,        preferably greater than 85 cm³, more preferably greater than 88        cm³, and more preferably greater than 90 cm³.        F. The method according to Paragraphs A-E, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a lather volume greater than 92 cm³,        preferably greater than 95 cm³, and more preferably greater than        100 cm³.        G. The method according to Paragraphs A-F, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a viscosity from about 1 cP to about        60 cP, preferably from about 2 cP to about 55 cP, more        preferably from about 3 cP to about 50 cP, and even more        preferably from about 4 cP to about 45 cP.        H. The method according to Paragraphs A-G, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a viscosity from about 5 cP to about        40 cP, and preferably from about 6 cP to about 30 cP.        I. The method according to Paragraphs A-H, wherein the personal        care composition comprises a viscosity less than 57 cP,        preferably less than 50 cP, more preferably less than 40 cP, and        even more preferably less than 30 cP.        J. The method according to Paragraphs A-I, wherein the dosage of        foam comprises a bubble size distribution comprising an R₃₂ of        from about 5 μm to about 100 μm, preferably from about 10 μm to        about 60 μm, more preferably from about 20 μm to about 50 μm,        and even more preferably from about 25 μm to about 40 μm.        K. The method according to Paragraphs A-J, wherein the dosage of        foam comprises a yield point of from about 5 Pa to about 100 Pa,        preferably from about 20 Pa to about 100 Pa, more preferably        from about 25 Pa to about 100 Pa, and even more preferably from        about 38 Pa to about 100 Pa.        L. The method according to Paragraphs A-K, wherein the dosage of        foam comprises a density of from about 0.02 g/cm³ to about 0.2        g/cm³, preferably from about 0.025 g/cm³ to about 0.15 g/cm³,        and more preferably from about 0.05 g/cm³ to about 0.15 g/cm³.        M. The method according to Paragraphs A-L, wherein the personal        care composition comprises from about 15% to about 45%, by        weight, surfactant system, preferably from about 18% to about        40%, by weight, more preferably from about 19% to about 38%, by        weight, and even more preferably from about 20% to about 29%.        N. The method according to Paragraphs A-M, wherein the personal        care composition comprises from about 21% to about 30%, by        weight of the composition, surfactant system.        O. The method according to Paragraphs A-N, wherein the        surfactant system comprises from about 10% to about 35%, by        weight, total anionic surfactant, preferably from about 10% to        about 30%, by weight, more preferably from about 15% to about        28%, by weight, and even more preferably from about 20% to about        25%.        P. The method according to Paragraphs A-0, wherein the        surfactant system comprises from about from about 10% to about        25%, by weight, acyl glutamate surfactant and preferably from        about 15% to about 20%, by weight.        Q. The method according to Paragraphs A-P, wherein the        surfactant system further comprises an anionic co-surfactant        selected from the group consisting of isethionates,        sarcosinates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonates, sulfoacetates,        glucosides, acyl glycinates, acyl alaninates, glucose        carboxylates, amphoacetates, taurates, and mixture thereof.        R. The method according to Paragraph Q, wherein the surfactant        system comprises from about 0.5% to about 15%, by weight of the        composition, anionic co-surfactant, preferably from about 1% to        about 10%, by weight of the composition, more preferably from        about 1% to about 7%, by weight of the composition, and even        more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, by weight of the        composition.        S. The method according to Paragraph Q-R, wherein the surfactant        system comprises a weight ratio of acyl glutamate to the one or        more co-surfactants of about 1:1 to about 7:1, preferably from        about 6:5 to about 6:1, and more preferably from about 3:2 to        about 3:1.        T. The method according to Paragraphs Q-S, wherein the anionic        co-surfactant comprises sodium cocoyl isethionate.        U. The method according to Paragraphs A-T, wherein the        zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of        cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB),        and combinations thereof.        V. The method according to Paragraphs A-U, wherein the        surfactant system comprises from about from about 0.5% to about        5%, by weight of the composition, zwitterionic surfactant,        preferably from about 0.5% to about 4%, by weight of the        composition, and more preferably about 1% to about 4%, by weight        of the composition.        W. The method according to Paragraphs A-S, wherein the        surfactant system comprises less than 7%, by weight of the        composition, zwitterionic surfactant, preferably less than 6%,        by weight of the composition, more preferably less than 5%, by        weight of the composition, and even more preferably less than        4%, by weight of the composition.        X. The method according to Paragraphs A-W, wherein the        surfactant system comprises a weight ratio of anionic surfactant        to zwitterionic surfactant from about 3:1 to about 25:1,        preferably from about 4:1 to about 20:1, more preferably from        about 6:1 to about 15:1, and even more preferably from about 7:1        to about 12:1.        Y. The method according to Paragraphs A-X, wherein the        surfactant system comprises a weight ratio of anionic surfactant        to zwitterionic surfactant greater than 4:1, preferably greater        than 5:1, more preferably greater than 6:1, and even more        preferably greater than 8:1.        Z. The method according to Paragraphs A-Y, wherein the method        further comprises applying to the hair a second hair care        composition.        AA. The method according to Paragraphs A-Z, wherein the wherein        the composition further comprises from about 50% to about 95%,        by weight of the composition, liquid carrier, preferably from        about 60% to about 85%, by weight of the composition, and more        preferably from about 65% to about 80%.        BB. The method according to Paragraphs A-AA, wherein the        composition further comprises a liquid carrier and wherein the        liquid carrier comprises water.        CC. The method according to Paragraphs A-BB, wherein the        composition is substantially free of a viscosity reducing agent        selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol,        dipropylene glycol, alcohols, glycerin, and combinations        thereof.        DD. The method according to Paragraphs A-CC, wherein the        composition is substantially free of a thickener selected from        the group consisting of acrylate polymers and co-polymers,        xanthan gum, and combinations thereof.        EE. The method according to Paragraphs A-DD, wherein the        composition comprises a pH from about 2 to about 10, preferably        from about 4 to about 8, and more preferably from about from        about 5 to about 7.        FF. The method according to Paragraphs A-EE, wherein the        composition comprises a shampoo composition and the shampoo        composition further comprises a conditioning agent selected from        the group consisting of silicone conditioning agents, organic        conditioning materials, and combinations thereof.        GG. The method according to Paragraphs A-FF, wherein the        composition comprises a shampoo composition and the shampoo        composition further comprises an anti-dandruff active selected        from the group consisting of piroctone olamine, pyridinethione        salts, azoles (e.g.,ketoconazole, econazole, and elubiol),        selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, salicylic acid, zinc        pyrithione, and mixtures thereof.        HH. The method according to Paragraphs A-GG, wherein the dosage        of foam comprises a volume of from about 5 cm³ to about 150 cm³,        preferably from about 15 cm³ to about 150 cm³, and more        preferably about 30 cm³ to about 150 cm³.        II. The method according to Paragraphs A-HH, wherein the dosage        of foam comprises a volume of from about 5 cm³ to about 90 cm³,        preferably from about 20 cm³ to about 70 cm³, and more        preferably from about 30 cm³ to about 70 cm³.        JJ. The method according to Paragraphs A-II, wherein the        surfactant system is free of sulfate-based surfactants.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm. ”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application and any patent application or patent to which thisapplication claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded orotherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission thatit is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimedherein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other referenceor references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention.Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in thisdocument conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in adocument incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assignedto that term in this document shall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A mechanical foam dispenser comprising: a. areservoir for holding a personal care composition; wherein the personalcare composition comprises:  i. from about 10% to about 50%, by weightof the composition, a surfactant system wherein the surfactant systemcomprises:  (i) from about 10% to about 30%, by weight of thecomposition, of an acyl glutamate;  (ii) from about 0.5% to about 7%, byweight of the composition, of a zwitterionic co-surfactant;  wherein thesurfactant system is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants; ii. from about 50% to about 95%, by weight of the composition, water; wherein the reservoir is free of or substantially free of a propellant;b. a foam engine.
 2. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 1, whereinthe personal care composition comprises a viscosity of less than 60 cP.3. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 2, wherein the personal carecomposition comprises a viscosity less than 50 cP.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the personal care composition comprises a viscosityfrom about 4 cP to about 45 cP.
 5. The mechanical foam dispenser ofclaim 1, wherein the mechanical foam dispenser is a pump foam dispenseror a squeeze foam dispenser.
 6. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim1, wherein the personal care composition comprises from about 20% toabout 40%, by weight of the composition, surfactant system.
 7. Themechanical foam dispenser of claim 1, wherein the surfactant systemfurther comprises an anionic co-surfactant selected from the groupconsisting of isethionates, sarcosinates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonates,sulfoacetates, glucosides, acyl glycinates, acyl alaninates, glucosecarboxylates, amphoacetates, taurates, and mixture thereof.
 8. Themechanical foam dispenser of claim 7, wherein the surfactant systemcomprises from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition,anionic co-surfactant.
 9. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 7,wherein the anionic co-surfactant comprises sodium cocoyl isethionate.10. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionicsurfactant is selected from the group consisting of cocamidopropylbetaine (CAPB), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB), and combinationsthereof.
 11. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 1, wherein thesurfactant system comprises a weight ratio of anionic surfactant tozwitterionic surfactant greater than 4:1.
 12. The mechanical foamdispenser of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition issubstantially free of a viscosity reducing agent selected from the groupconsisting of propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, alcohols, glycerin,and combinations thereof.
 13. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 1,wherein the personal care composition is substantially free of athickener selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers andco-polymers, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof.
 14. The mechanicalfoam dispenser of claim 1, wherein the personal care compositioncomprises a shampoo composition and the shampoo composition furthercomprises a conditioning agent selected from the group consisting ofsilicone conditioning agents, organic conditioning materials, andcombinations thereof.
 15. The mechanical foam dispenser of claim 1,wherein the personal care composition comprises a shampoo compositionand the shampoo composition further comprises an anti-dandruff activeselected from the group consisting of piroctone olamine, pyridinethionesalts, azoles, selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, salicylic acid,zinc pyrithione, and mixtures thereof.